The Downside Risk of Paper Writing Service That No One Is Talking About

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Relationship Between Corporate Governance And Risk...

ABSTRACT This paper identifies and talks about the relationship between corporate governance and risk management of high technology firms, with publicly listed Australian biotechnology organizations as for example. It displays a governance structure that better deals with the various complex risks such organizations face. INTRODUCTION The current global financial crisis has seen the breakdown of various organizations universally, showing that no industry or ward is invulnerable from insufficient or wrong risk management. In the light of the current global financial crisis, we examine the requirement for suitable risk management, planning, and control and the requirement for organizations to reassess their governance structure to†¦show more content†¦Risk Management Frameworks, for example, ERM (Enterprise Risk Management) and Business Continuity Planning, also called Disaster Recovery Planning or contingency planning, are center components of gathering risk management methods. ERM is the systems and procedures used by associations to oversee hazards and seize opportunities identified with the accomplish their goals. ERM supports the board and the organization to guarantee that administration earnestly work through a procedure of distinguishing and investigating risks, with a specific end goal to settle o n educated choices. Importantly a successful Risk Management scheme will help in guaranteeing less surprises, improving management and abuse of chances, enhancing and execution, upgrading data preparing and correspondence, enhancing responsibility, assurance and governance, improving reputation, and expanding insurance of directors. ERM ought to upgrade disclosure to organisation chiefs and officers, which in turn aids in better management of the business and enhanced transparency of management (Joint Technical Committee OB-007, Risk Management, 2005). ERM obliges an organized methodology to risk assessment, and collection of risk into a more elevated amount risk profile report, and additionally a prioritization of risks (Espersen 2002). Bowling and Rieger (2005) examine how actualizing a full ERM Framework can take a few years. Numerous organisations start byShow MoreRelatedUse Of Internal Audit By Australian Companies1117 Words   |  5 Pagesfunction and it is strongly related with risk management, indication of effective internal controls and efficient corporate governance. This study is based on the work done by Jenny Goodwin-Stewart and Pamela Kent(2006). They examined and study the data from the annual reports of public listed companies. This paper also provides detailed information on the need of Internal Audit and examines the relationship between the size of the firm and strong corporate governance through evolution of different hypothesisRead MoreAdelphia Case 1 Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesAdelphia Case Summary The Allegations: Prosecutors say members of the cable companys founding family and two former executives looted the firm on a massive scale, spending company funds on personal expenses, such as a $12.8 million golf course. The firm has been accused of hiding business relationships between Adelphia and entities tied to the founders and for inflating its financial results. Whos Who: †¢ John J. Rigas, Adelphias founder †¢ Timothy Rigas, former CFO †¢ Michael Rigas,Read MoreSocial Responsibility : Kroger Company983 Words   |  4 PagesSocial responsibility is an ethical framework which suggests that an organization or individual has an obligation to act for the benefit of society at large. Social responsibility is a duty every organization has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy and the environment Kroger Company Just in this year alone Kroger has made a substantial impact in society. When it comes to the social aspect the company went above and beyond the norm. Since 2010, Kroger has been contributing $1.2 billionRead MoreComparative Corporate Governance and Financial Goals3999 Words   |  16 PagesChapter 1 Comparative Corporate Governance and Financial Goals ï  ®Ã¢â‚¬Æ'End-of-Chapter Questions 1. Corporate goals: shareholder wealth maximization. Explain the assumptions and objectives of the shareholder wealth maximization pmodel. Answer: The Anglo-American markets have a philosophy that a firm’s objective should follow the shareholder wealth maximization (SWM) model. More specifically, the firm should strive to maximize the return to shareholders, as measured by the sum of capital gains and dividendsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Ownership Structure and Firm Performance: an Empirical Analysis of Listed Companies in Kenya5536 Words   |  23 PagesAND BOARD EFFECTIVENESS ON FIRM PERFORMANCE: NEW EVIDENCE FROM KENYA Vincent O. Ongore, PhD Assistant Commissioner Kenya Revenue Authority P.O. Box 48240-00100, GPO Phone: + 254 (20) 310900 Mobile: +254 723854796 Nairobi. Email: Vincent.ongore@kra.go.ke Abstract Research on corporate governance is very thin on the role of owners on corporate performance, especially how risk-taking orientation of owners comes to bear on decision making processes of the firm. The Board has been given inordinateRead MoreThe Role Of Corporate Governance And Agency Theories1265 Words   |  6 PagesCorporate governance deals with the conflicts of interests between the providers of finance and the managers; the shareholders and the stakeholders; different types of shareholders (mainly the large shareholder and the minority shareholders); and the prevention or mitigation of these conflicts of interests (Marc Goergen, 2012). Can these stakeholder interests be aligned though? And if so how? I will discuss various aspects of corporate governance and agency theories as well as examples of failedRead MoreThe Transformation Of The Legal Function1318 Words   |  6 Pagesby more than one hundred specialists in certain cases, they could be considered as large as some of the legal firms by number of lawyers and developed functions. From its organization, composition and structure as a Department, its professionals, their training on remuneration, its impact on government bodies and influence on corporate governance, as well as the management of legal risks, this study will analyze the seven challenges of internal legal advisors. This paper also analyses the presentRead MoreAgency Theory and Corporate Governance3335 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Agency Theory And Corporate Governance Introduction The global market has shown exemplary contribution to the growth of the worlds development until recently where financial crisis have been bombarding most economies. As a result, the cost of livelihood had been unaffordable to many who live below the dollar. The monetary crisis has led to the lowering of many currencies against the dollar, hence advancing the economy crisis to most worldwide nations. This turn of events has been attributed toRead MoreEffects Of Internal Audit Practices On Financial Performance Of Commercial Banks1689 Words   |  7 Pages1 Introduction 7 2.2 Theoretical review. 7 2.2.1 Agency Theory 7 2.2.2 Contingency theory 8 2.2.3 Lending and credibility theory. 8 2.3 Empirical review. 9 2.4 Conceptual framework 10 2.5.1 Control processes 11 2.5.2 Organizational governance. 12 2.5.3 Risk management 13 2.5.4 Financial performance. 13 2.6 Critique of the Existing Literature 14 2.7 Summary 15 2.8 Research gaps 15 CHAPTER 3 16 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 16 3.1 Introduction. 16 3.2 Research Design 16 3.3 Target population. 16 3.4 SampleRead MoreCritique Paper on Completing the Audit and Post-Audit Reponsibilities2301 Words   |  10 PagesBennouri, entitled â€Å"Does Auditors’ Reputation ‘Discourage’ Related Party Transactions? The French Case† studies the relationship between the frequency of RPTs and the external auditors’ reputation. Regulators, standard setters and market participants consider related party transactions a major problem in financial markets. The quality of external auditing may be proposed as an important governance mechanism to alleviate the propensity of insiders to use related party transactions. The study tests the prevalence

Chemistry Cheat Sheet free essay sample

Why do ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals? metals form positive ions and nonmetals form negative ions. The positive ion is a cation and the negative is the anion. Nonpolar covalent bond vs polar covalent bond? due to electro negativities that affect how the atoms will share electrons. A non polar covalent bond has an electro negativity of . 4 or less. A polar covalent has greater then . 4 less 2 How many electrons must a calcium atom gain or lose? Calcium has to lose 2. It originally is at Ca2+ Why do some substances undergo chemical reactions and some do not? Bc of their electron configuration. If one substance has an unbalanced set of valance e- and so does another substance, then they will bond and each will have a complete set. The valance e- in the e- configuration determines if they will undergo chemical reactions. How can you tell whether a chemical equation is balanced? What principle is reflected in the balanced equation? If they have the same number of atoms on each side of the equation. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry Cheat Sheet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Example: the equation couldn’t be balanced if there were 2 hydrogen atoms on 1 side and 4 on the other. The scientific principle that reflects the balanced equation is the law of conservation of matter. Matter cannot be created nor destroyed just like atoms cannot be either. You cant create an unbalanced number of atoms on one side or destroy one atom to make it balanced. Balanced equation for reaction where calcium nitride is formed from calcium and nitrogen? 3Ca+N2Ca3N2 Aluminum reacts with fluorine to produce aluminum fluoride. 2Al + 3F2 2AlF3 There are 2 Al’s and 6 F’s. 3Cl2+N22NCl3 †¦. Chlorine + nitrogen yields to nitrogen tri chloride. Name the compound with the formula (NH4)3PO4 Ammonium Phosphate Max number of Hydrogens = 8 picture Carbon tetrachloride- 160 amu†¦sulfuric acid-98 amu†¦phosphorus pentoxide- 142 amu State the relationship between volume and number of moles of a gas? At the same temperature pressure, equal volumes of gases will contain the same number of gas particles. STP: standard temperature and pressure. **6. 02 x 1023 particles of any gas at STP will have a volume of 22. 4 liters. Volume of 1 mole of gas at STP. Explain how to find the formula mass of a molecule by using the info in a periodic table. Look at atomic masses of elements in compound. They are the number in red. Add up all of the amu of the atoms in that compound and that is the formula mass. Gas balloon sample: you can determine number of moles of gas w/o knowing the identity because to do this you divvide by the molar volume. The molar volume of a gas at stop is known. It is always 22. 4 l/mol so you don’t need to use a balance. You divide by 22. 4 l/mol. What do the letters VSEPR stand for? Explain what the theory says and ho it is used? VSEPR stands for valance shell electron pair repulsion. The theory states in compound, electrons arrange themselves as far apart as possible. They arrange themselves geometrically because of the result of the valance e- moving far apart. Describe and explain the trend for atoms within a column of the periodic table: the bond length is how far apart two atoms arei n a covalent bond. As you go down a group the atoms form longer bonds. This is because atoms get larger as you go down a group. Multiple bonds are shorter then single bonds. More electrons in a bond pull the two nuclei closer to each other.

The 2007-2008 Financial Crisis Causes, Impacts and the Need for New Regulations Essay Example

The 2007-2008 Financial Crisis: Causes, Impacts and the Need for New Regulations Paper THE 2007-2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS: CAUSES, IMPACTS AND THE NEED FOR NEW REGULATIONS The initial cause of the financial turbulence is attributed to the U. S. sub-prime residential mortgage market. The sustained rise in asset prices, particularly house prices, on the back of excessively accommodative monetary policy and lax lending standards during 2002-2006, increased innovation in the new financial instruments, unusual low interest rates resulted in a large rise in mortgage credit to households; particularly low credit quality households, the greed of investors’ for ever higher returns coupled with very minimal down payments, along with the dependence on major global rating agencies, allowed complex investments products to be sold to an extremely wide range of investors. The repacking of credits with some other financial instruments, the rising complexity of the products, emerging â€Å"monoline’ guarantors in the marketplace – that are not being regulated, and the governments came into rescue, sometimes even difficult who’s the one to be blamed for the crisis. These would address the issue of transparency, conflict of interests among the market participants, regulatory and supervisory system, in particular their cooperation. Development of the Crisis In order to keep recession away, the Federal Reserve lowered the Federal funds rate 11 times from May 2000 (6. %) to December 2001(1. 75%), and this creating a flood of liquidity in the economy. Cheap money, created a favorable breeding ground for reckless risk taking. It found easy prey in restless financial institutions, and even more restless borrowers who had no income, no job and no assets. These subprime borrowers wanted to realize their lifes dream of acquiring a home. For t hem, holding the hands of a willing banker was a new way of hope. There were more home loans, more home buyers, more appreciation in home prices. We will write a custom essay sample on The 2007-2008 Financial Crisis: Causes, Impacts and the Need for New Regulations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The 2007-2008 Financial Crisis: Causes, Impacts and the Need for New Regulations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The 2007-2008 Financial Crisis: Causes, Impacts and the Need for New Regulations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Federal continued slashing interest rates, perhaps, by continued low inflation despite lower interest rates. In June 2003, the Fed lowered interest rates to 1%, the lowest rate in 45 years. The whole financial market started turn just like a candy shop where everything was selling at a huge discount and with a very minimal down payment. Unfortunately, no one was there to warn about the tummy aches that would follow. The financial institutions thought that it just was not enough to lend out the loans with just minimal interest rates. They decided to repackage the mortgage loans with other financial instruments such as collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) or asset-backed commercial paper (ABC paper), or structured investment vehicles (SIVs) and pass on the debt to another candy shop. As appeared by the Central Banks Governors, these risk-based instruments was an aid for the investors in the marketplace since enabled them to purchase the precise degree of risk they willing to tolerate with, at given alternate returns. And also the mortgage market would become more liquid as sales were facilitated. The new financial instruments gave options to the banks to hold the loans they made as an off-balance sheet vehicle, or sell to others, or pay another institution to accept the risk of default. This was coupled with the belief one can sell or get ride off the risk via synthetic CDOs which was impossible to the system as a whole. One of the investment vehicles of the new instruments is the hedge funds. Investors of the hedge funds included financial institutions for example pension funds and non-for-profit institutions. Many of these hedge funds just ignore the warning signals of their insolvency early in the financial crisis. Most of the hedge fund industry required no public reporting since was located in offshore tax havens and that experienced no supervision. Nevertheless, it was unclear on what level this industry to get negatively impacted by the financial crisis. Apart from these, it was a need in improving transparency. There were also dramatic rises where corporations offered guaranteed debts, with promising to the investors to pay debt if there were default, and the issuer would pay a premium for this guaranteed. These corporations are known as the â€Å"monoline† insurers or â€Å"monoline† guarantors, and it became another casualty of the financial crisis. Globally, many financial institutions had purchased these new promising guaranteed of debts. But, every good item has a bad side, and several of these factors started to emerge alongside one another. Insolvency on one of these institutions could threaten the solvency of many others. When the â€Å"monoline† insurers started to fall into insolvency problem, the market was illiquid. Suddenly, emerging financial institutions were short of cash, as well as become insolvent. Some of the affected are such Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, and Bear Stearns. But, at the end of the day, the worst effected from this financial crisis were the mortgage borrowers. Most of these â€Å"monoline† insurers did not have adequate capital to fulfill their guarantee promises. Investors’ dependence lied mostly on the high ratings placed by major global rating agencies for these institutions put the investors in a position where they could experience enormous losses. In order to survive, many banks turned to sovereign wealth funds to obtain new capital. Bad news continued to pour in from all sides. In August 2007 that the financial market could not solve the subprime crisis on its own and the problems spread beyond the U. S borders. Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy, Bear Stearns was acquired by JP Morgan Chase, Merrill Lynch was sold to Bank of America, and the Federal National Mortgage Association (â€Å"Fannie Mae†) and the Federal Home Mortgage Corporation (â€Å"Freddie Mac†) were put under the control of the U. S. federal government. Governments started took over banks as done by the UK government on a bank named Northern Rock (a British bank) after a loan pumped nearly reached $50 billion. The idea was to enhance liquidity, to put the interbank market back on its feet and to restore confidence in financial system. Injections of liquidity by central banks include lending government’s paper, accepting high-quality assets owned by banks as collateral, and increased the loans maturity. On the other hand, central bank’s intervention indirectly would be a trigger to a global inflation. The action would increase the prices of products based on oil, increase the price of food, increased in demand for agriculture products in manufacturing ethanol to substitute the gasoline. Few recommendations regarding central bank’s intervention for instance base any future government interventions on a clearly stated diagnosis of the problem and a rationale for the interventions, and keep policy interest rates on track in a globalized economy because it would help to introduce the notion of a global inflation target. This would help prevent rapid cuts in interest rates in one country if they perversely affect decisions in other countries. This is because in monetary policy of different central banks will looking at each other. Number of debates arose whether the central banks should create new regulations instead of using monetary policy and interest rates when it comes to inflation in asset prices to recurrent. One of the ideas is new regulations to control the new financial instruments imposed by the government of Germany. Others such government intervention in reduction in the face value of the mortgage, and a need to regulate the very used of financial instruments (of CDOs, for instance) so that the transparency of the market be restored and investors be adequately informed. Other than that, to enhance the monitoring process of non-transparent off-balance sheet financing, coordinating supervision and regulating activities in the short run and remodeled the Federal Reserve in the longer run. In terms of bank’s capital adequacy, the ratio should be raised above the eight percent as under the Basel Accord 1988. Conclusion As to conclude, cutting interest rates below their natural level distorts time preferences and investment decisions, causing individuals and companies to take on more risk, the risk that they will later regret having taken. In effect, the central bank is leading people into miscalculating the riskiness of the decisions they are making by keeping interest rates artificially low. A perfect example is the previous housing bubble. If interest rates should be 5% but they are 1%, then home builders are going to increase their indebtedness to take on more projects with longer and longer completion time frames. A project that comes online 5 years out looks much less risky when you can borrow money for 4 or 5% less. It is, therefore, very important that to identify the causes of the current crisis accurately so that can then find, first, appropriate immediate crisis resolution measures and mechanisms; second, understand the differences among countries on how they are being impacted; and, finally, think of the longer term implications for monetary policy and financial regulatory mechanisms. It was also possibility the government actions and interventions caused, prolonged, and worsened the financial crisis. They caused it by deviating from historical precedents and principles for setting interest rates, which had worked well for 20 years. They prolonged it by misdiagnosing the problems in the bank credit markets and thereby responding inappropriately by focusing on liquidity rather than risk. Central banks should adopt a broader macro-prudential view, taking into account in their decisions asset price movements, credit booms, leverage, and the buildup of systemic risk. The timing and nature of pre-emptive policy responses to large imbalances and large capital flows needs to be re-examined† (IMF, 2009b).